2.1. Maskinvara som stöds

Can Floating Dragon slot kernel

Debian has virtually no hardware claims beyond the Linux kernel, kFreeBSD, and GNU tools. As a result, any architecture or platform to which the Linux kernel, libc, gcc, etc. have been ported and for which a port exists for Debian can run Debian. See the ports pages at https://www. debian. org/ports/arm/. There is detailed information about systems with the 32-bit ARMv7 hard density architecture that have been tested with Debian GNU/Linux.

Rather than outlining the various hardware configurations supported by the 32-bit hard-float ARMv7, this section provides general information and links to sources for additional information.

2.1.1. Arkitekturer som stöds

Debian GNU/Linux 12 supports nine major architectures and several varieties of each architecture, called "variants".

Architecture Debian designation Subarchitecture Options
AMD64 and Intel64 amd64
Intel x86 based ik386 Standard x86 based machines Standard
Xen PV domains only Xen
ARM Armel Marvel Kirkwood and Orion Wander
ARM with hardware FPU armhf Multiplatform ARM
64-bit ARM arm64
64-bit MIPS (little endian) mips64el MIPS Malta 5kc Malta
Cavium Octeon 8th
Lunson 3 Lunson 3
32-bit MIPS (little endian) Medlar MIPS Malta 4kc Malta
Cavium Octeon 8th
Lunson 3 Lunson 3
Energy system ppc64el IBM POWER8 or newer machines
64-bit IBM S/390 s390x VM and IPLing DASD Readers General

This document provides an overview of the installation of the 32-bit ARMv7 architecture with the Linux kernel. If you are looking for information about other architectures supported by Debian, please see the Debian ports page.

2.1.2. Tre olika ARM-portar

The ARM architecture has evolved over time, and modern ARM microprocessors offer features that were not readily available on older models. As a result, Debian provides three ARM ports to better support a wide variety of machines:

  • Debian/Armel specializes in older 32-bit ARM microprocessors without the aid of a hardware floating-point unit (FPU),
  • Debian/armhf runs only on recent 32-bit ARM microprocessors that implement at least the ARMv7 architecture and the ARM Vector Floating-Point Specification version 3 (VFPv3). It takes advantage of the advanced features and performance improvements available cheaply on these models.
  • Debian/arm64 runs on at least 64-bit ARM microprocessors that implement the ARMv8 architecture.

Technically, all currently available ARM processors can operate in either Endian (Large or Small) mode, but the majority actually use small endian mode. Debian/Arm64, Debian/Armhf, and Debian/Armel all support only small endians.

2.1.3. Variationer i ARM CPU-konstruktioner och stöd komplexitet

The ARM system is quite different for those that use i386/AMD6 4-based PC architecture, so support may be quite complicated.

ARM architecture is mainly used in s o-called "syste m-o n-chip" (SoC). These SoCs are developed by various companies and have completely different hardware components for the basic functions required to start the system. System firmware interfaces have been standardized with the times, but because legacy devices have a large firmware/ road interface, Linux Core of such systems solves the world's motherboard BIOS/ UEFI. Many problems that do must be solved.

When we started supporting arms with Linux core, it was necessary to prepare individual cores for each ARM system, in contrast to the "universal" core for PCs, because of the diversity of hardware. Since this approach is not suitable for many different systems, it was worked to be able to download with a single ar m-like core that operates with a different ARM system. The support of the new ARM system has been implemented, and such versatile cores can now be used, but some legacy systems still require another dedicated cores. Therefore, the standard Debian distribution supports installation only for a certain number of such old ARM systems, along with more new systems supported by Debian/Armhf's mult i-platform core ARM ("Armmp"). I am.

2.1.4. Plattformar som stöds av Debian/armhf

There are some systems that operate on Debian/Armhf, which are supported by mult i-platform Nucleus (Armmp): Kärnan:

FreeScale MX53 Quick Start board (MX53 LOCO BOARD).

IMX53QSB is a wate r-i n-lamp board based on SoC I. MX53.

Versatile Express is an Arm Votvkling allowance and can be used as a database for installing any ad-processor.

VISSA ALLWINNER SUNXI-BASERADE UTVECKLINGRINGRADOR OCH inbyggda system

ARMMP core is ALLWINNER SOC A10 (code name "Sun4i"), A10S/A13 (code name "Sun5i"), A20 (code name "Sun7i"), A31/A31S (architecture code name "SUN6I") and A23/A33 Supports many development boards and embedded systems based on (part of the "Sun8i" genus). The target SUNX I-based system provides a complete installation support (including the transfer of read y-made SD card images by installer) in real time:

  • Cubietech CubieBoard 1+2/Cubietruck
  • Lemaker Banana Pi and Banana Pro
  • LinkSprite PCDuino and PCDuino3
  • OLIMEX A10-OLINUXINO-LIME / A20-OLINUXINO-LIME / A20-OLINUXINO-LIME2 / A20-OLINUXINO MICRO / A20-SOM-EVB
  • Jinyu Orange Pie Plus

SUNX I-based ALLWINNER measuring instruments are limited to drivers and measuring trees available on the host Linux kernel. Vendor-specific kernel trees (AllWinner SDK kernels, etc.) and Linux-Sunxi. org 3. 4 series Android kernels are not supported by Debian.

The main Linux kernel usually supports ALLWINNER A10, A10S/A13, A20, A23/A33, A31/A31S SOC alternative console, Ethernet, SATA, USB, MMC/SD card. The support level of local monitors (HDMI/VGA/LCD) and audio devices depends on a specific system. Most systems use a "SimpleFb" infrastructure that does not include a personal graphics driver, the boot loader initializes the display and simply a kernel uses a initialized frame buffer. In general, this works well, but there are some restrictions (it cannot simply change the resolution of the monitor and it is impossible to control the monitor).

The flash memory built into the Sunx i-based system is designed for data storage applications, and there are two types of raw NAND flash and EMMC flash. Most old SUNX I-based systems with a buil t-in flash memory use raw NAND flash memory, which is not supported by the host kernel and is not supported by Debian. Recent systems use EMMC flash memory instead of raw NAND flash memory. The host's EMMC flash chip looks like a hig h-speed and unpleasant SD card and is supported in the same way as a regular SD card.

This installer links to basic help from many Sunxi-based systems not listed above, but has not literally been tested on these systems, as Debian's plans do not include access to consistent hardware, and these systems do not provide an initial undesigned SD card with the installer. Development boards with similar help include:

  • Olimex A10 S-Linuxino Micro / A1 3-Linuxino / A1 3-Linuxino Micro
  • Sinovoip BPI-M2 (A31S-Basrarad)
  • Xunlong Orange Pi (A20-Baserad) / Orange Pi Mini (A20-Basrarad)

In addition to higher SOCs and systems, the installer includes fairly limited help for the SOC Allwinner H3 and some of the scarves on the base. At the time of freezing the Debian 9 release, the main core help for the H3 was still in development, and as a result the installer only supports alternative consoles, MMC/SD and USB monitors on H3-based systems. There are no drivers for the built-in ports or Ethernet H3, and as a result working over a network is only supported with USB Ethernet adapters and USB WiFi dongles. H3-based systems for which basic help is available for this installer include:

  • Friendlyarm Nanopi Neo
  • Xunlong Orange Pi Lite / Orange Pi One / Orange PC / Orange PI PC Plus / Orange Pi Pi Plus 2E / Orange Pi 2

NVIDIA JETSON TK1

The Nvidia Jetson TK1 is a cutting edge chipset based on the Tegra K1 (also popular as Tegra124). Tegra K1 is equipped with a 32-bit microprocessor - Arm Cortex-A15 and a Kepler graphics microprocessor (GK20A) with 192 CUDA architecture and later. Tegra 124 systems have even more power.

Seagate Personal Cloud and Seagate NAS

Seagate Personal Cloud OCH Seagate NAS is a NAS based on Armada 370 platform. Debian Stöder Personal Cloud (SRN21C), Personal Cloud 2-Bay (SRN22C), Seagate NAS 2-Bay (SRPD20) OCH Seagate NAS 4-Bay (SRPD40).

Solidrun Cubox-I2Ex / Cubox-I4Pro

The Cubox-I series is a small cubic system based on the SOC Freescale I. MX6. Cubox-I series system help is limited by Linux main core device drivers and cheap device information; Freescale 3. 0 core for Cubox-I is not supported in Debian. Freescale 3. 0 core for Cubox-I is not supported in Debian. Main core cheap drivers are alternate console, ethernet, USB, MMC/SD card, monitor support (console and X11) via HDMI. Apart from this, Cubox-I4Pro has Esata port support.

The Wandboard Quad, Dual and Solo are creator boards based on the Freescale i. MX6 Quad SoC. System support is limited to drivers and instrument tree information available in the host Linux kernel. The wandboard series' own kernels 3. 0 and 3. 10, available on the website wandboard. org, are not supported by Debian. The master core connects alternative consoles and monitor control help via HDMI (console and X11), Ethernet, USB, MMC/SD, SATA (Quad only), and analog audio. Other audio (S/PDIF, HDMI-Audio) and help for the built-in WLAN/Bluetooth modules in Debian 9 are untested or missing.

In general, the Linux kernel's ARM multiplatform support allows debian-installer to run on armhf systems other than those mentioned above, provided that the kernel used by debian-installer supports the components of the target system and a device tree file for the target system is available. In such cases, the installer can usually guarantee a working installation, but cannot make the system mechanically bootable. To do so, it often needs information about the specific device.

If you use debian-installer on these systems, you may need to make the system bootable manually at the end of the installation, for example by running the necessary commands in a shell started by debian-installer.

2.1.5. Flera processorer

The architecture supports multiprocessing, also known as "symmetric multiprocessing", SMP. The usual Debian 12 kernel types are compiled with the SMP alternative. This basically means that the kernel decides the number of microprocessors (or processor cores), and mechanically disables SMP on single-processor systems.

The presence of multiple microprocessors in a computer was initially only a concern for high-end server systems, but in recent years it has literally spread everywhere, with the emergence of so-called "multicore" microprocessors, etc. These have two or more processing units, called "cores", on a single physiological chip.

2.1.6. Stöd för grafikhårdvara

GUI support in Debian is based on basic support in the X. Org X11 system and kernel. Basic framebuffer graphics are provided by the kernel, and the desktop environment uses X11. The availability of advanced video card features such as hardware 3D acceleration or hardware video acceleration depends on the actual graphics hardware used in your system, and possibly the installation of additional firmware (see Chapter 2, Section 2 "Faster Program Execution").

Almost all ARM machines have a buil t-in graphic hardware and no connected cards. Some cars have an expansion slot for graphics cards, which is huge. In general, devices that do not have graphics are often seen for headless work. Basic videos using core frameworks should be edited on all devices equipped with graphics, but frisky 3D graphics always need a binary driver. Although the situation has changed vaguely, at the time of the release of this book, a child driver for Nouveau (Nvidia Tegra K1 SOC) and FREEDRENO (Qualcomm Snapdragon Soc) has already been released. For other hardware, you need a free driver based on the manufacturer's benefits.

Detailed information about the graphic editor is on the website https: // wiki. FreeDesktop. Org/Xorg/. Debian 12 Skickar Med X. ORG Version 7.

2.1.7. Maskinvara för anslutning till nätverk

Debian 12 X. ORG Version 7. Install all NICs of AV Linux Khan IV Installation System; Automate the drive driver.

In the 3 2-bit hard platform microcadestra, ARMV7 is a number of integrated Ethernet interfaces, ittereligar PCI and USB interface modules.

2.1.8. Kringutrustning och annan maskinvara

Linux supports a wide range of hardware devices such as mouse, printer, scanner, PCMCIA/Cardbus/ExpressCard, and USB. However, most of these devices are not required for system installation.

Chapter 2 System requirement system request 2. 2. Devices that require internal software < SPAN> Most ARM machines have a buil t-in graphic hardware and have no connected cards. Some cars have an expansion slot for graphics cards, which is huge. In general, devices that do not have graphics are often seen for headless work. Basic videos using core frameworks should be edited on all devices equipped with graphics, but frisky 3D graphics always need a binary driver. Although the situation has changed vaguely, at the time of the release of this book, a child driver for Nouveau (Nvidia Tegra K1 SOC) and FREEDRENO (Qualcomm Snapdragon Soc) has already been released. For other hardware, you need a free driver based on the manufacturer's benefits.

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Elim Rim - Journalist, creative writer

Last modified 17.03.2025

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